2012 Summer Olympics

De 2012 Summer Olympics, officially de Games of the XXX Olympiad wey dem sanso know am as London 2012, na ebe international multi-sport event dem hold from 27 July to 12 August 2012 insyd London, England, United Kingdom. De first event, de group stage insyd women's football, begin for 25 July for de Millennium Stadium insyd Cardiff, Wales, follow by de opening ceremony for 27 July. Na der be 10,518 athletes wey komot 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) wey participate insyd de 2012 Olympics.

2012 Summer Olympics

Summer Olympic Games

Sports season of league or competition	Summer Olympic Games
Official name	Olympic Games London 2012
Motto text	Inspire a Generation
Country	United Kingdom
Ein location	London
Coordinate location	51°32′19″N 0°0′59″W
Dey follow	2008 Summer Olympics
Followed by	2016 Summer Olympics
Edition number	30
Point for tym insyd	2012
Tym dem start	27 July 2012
End tym	12 August 2012
Significant event	2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony, London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics
Organizer	London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games
Officially opened by	Elizabeth II
Oath made by	Mik Basi, Sarah Stevenson, Eric Farrell
Mascot	Wenlock
Date of official opening	27 July 2012
Date of official closure	12 August 2012
Dema official website	https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/london-2012
Described at URL	https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/2012/

Dey follow bid head by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe den de then-London mayor Ken Livingstone, na dem select London as de host city for de 117th IOC Session insyd Singapore for 6 July 2005, dem defeat bids from Moscow, New York City, Madrid, den Paris. London cam turn de first city make e host de modern Olympics three times, dem previously host de Summer Games insyd 1908 den 1948. Construction give de Games involve considerable redevelopment, plus emphasis for sustainability top. Na de main focus be fresh 200-hectare (490-acre) Olympic Park, dem construct am for former industrial site insyd Stratford, East London. De Games sanso use venues wey already exist before de bid.

De United States top de medal table, dem win de most gold medals (48) den de highest number of medals overall (104). China fini second plus total of 91 medals (38 gold) wey Great Britain cam third plus 65 medals overall (29 gold). Michael Phelps of de United States cam turn de most decorated Olympic athlete of all time for de time, he win ein 22nd medal. Saudi Arabia, Qatar den Brunei enter female athletes for de first time, dey mean say every currently eligible country now send female competitor for at least one Olympic Games. Na dem include women's boxing for de first time, den de 2012 Games cam turn de first for wich na every sport get female competitors.

De Games receive considerable praise for dema organisation, plus de volunteers, de British military den public enthusiasm commend particularly highly. Na dem describe de Games as "happy and glorious". De opening ceremony, Academy Award winner Danny Boyle direct am, receive widespread acclaim. Na dese be de final Olympic Games under de IOC presidency of Belgian Jacques Rogge, wey na German Thomas Bach succeed am de next year.

Bidding process

Na dem choose London over Birmingham make e represent Great Britain ein bid by de British Olympic Association.

By 15 July 2003—de deadline for interested cities make dem submit bids to de International Olympic Committee (IOC)—na nine cities submit bids make dem host de 2012 Summer Olympics: Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York City, Paris, den Rio de Janeiro. For 18 May 2004, as result of scored technical evaluation, de IOC reduce de number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York den Paris. All five submit dema candidate files by 19 November 2004 wey de IOC inspection team visit dem during February den March 2005. Na de Paris bid suffer two setbacks during de IOC inspection visit: number of strikes den demonstrations coincide plus de visits, den report say key member of de bid team, Guy Drut, go face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.

Thru out de process, na dem widely see Paris as de favourite, particularly as na dis be ein third bid for recent years insyd. Na dem initially see London as e dey lag behind Paris by considerable margin. Ein position begin dey improve after de appointment of Lord Coe as de new chair of de London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) for 19 May 2004. Insyd late August 2004, reports predict tie between London den Paris.

For 6 June 2005, de IOC release ein evaluation reports for de five candidate cities. Na dem no contain any scores anaa rankings, buh na dem consider de report give Paris de most positive. Na London be close behind, e close chaw of de gap dem observe by de initial evaluation insyd 2004. New York den Madrid sanso receive very positive evaluations. For 1 July 2005, wen dem biz am who go win, Jacques Rogge say, "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less."

For 6 July 2005, na dem announce de final selection for de 117th IOC Session insyd Singapore. Na Moscow be de first city make dem eliminate, follow by New York den Madrid. Na de final two contenders be London den Paris. At de end of de fourth round of voting, London win de right make e host de 2012 Games plus 54 votes to 50.

Na de celebrations insyd London be short-lived, ebe overshadow by bombings for London ein transport system less dan 24 hours after de announcement. 12 years later, na dem later choose Paris as de host of de 2024 games insyd 2017.

2012 host city election – ballot results

City	Country	Round
		1	2	3	4
London	Great Britain	22	27	39	54
Paris	France	21	25	33	50
Madrid	Spain	20	32	31	—
New York City	United States	19	17	—	—
Moscow	Russia	15	—	—	—
	Total ballots	97	101	103	104

Development den preparations

Na dem create de London Organising Committee of de Olympic Games (LOCOG) make e oversee de staging of de Games, wey dem hold ein first board meeting for 3 October 2005. De committee, chair by Lord Coe, na he be in charge of implementing den staging de Games, while de Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA), dem establish insyd April 2006, na ebe in charge of construction of de venues den infrastructure.

De Government Olympic Executive (GOE), unit within de Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), na ebe de lead government body for coordinating de London 2012 Olympics. E focus for oversight of de Games, cross-programme management, den de London 2012 Olympic Legacy before den after de Games wey go benefit London den de wider United Kingdom. Na de organisation sanso be responsible for de supervision of de £9.3 billion of public sector funding.

Insyd August 2011, security concerns arise wey dey surround de hosting of de Olympic Games insyd London, dey follow de 2011 England riots. Sam countries express safety concerns, despite de IOC ein assurance say de riots no go affect de Games. De IOC ein Coordination Commission for de 2012 Games plete ein tenth den final visit to London insyd March 2012. Ein members conclude say "London is ready to host the world this summer".

Venues

De Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

De 2012 Olympic den Paralympic Games use mixture of fresh venues, existing den historic facilities, den temporary facilities, sam of dem dey well-known locations such as Hyde Park den Horse Guards Parade. After de Games, dem go reuse sam of de fresh facilities insyd dema Olympic form, while dem go resize anaa relocate odas.

Na dem divide de majority of venues into three zones within Greater London: de Olympic Zone, de River Zone den de Central Zone. For addition na der be few venues dat, by necessity, na dem be outsyd de boundaries of Greater London, such as de Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy sam 125 (201 km) southwest of London, wich host de sailing events. Na dem stage de football tournament for several grounds around de UK. Work begin for de Park top insyd December 2006, wen na dem pull down a sports hall insyd Eton Manor. Na dem plete de athletes dema village insyd Portland for September 2011 insyd.

London Olympic Stadium

Insyd November 2004, na dem reveal de 200-hectare (500-acre) Olympic Park plans. Na dem approve de plans give de site insyd September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney den Waltham Forest. De redevelopment of de area make dem build de Olympic Park require compulsory purchase orders of property. Na de London Development Agency dey in dispute plus London and Continental Railways about de orders insyd November 2005. By May 2006, na dem buy 86% of de land as businesses fight eviction. Residents wey oppose de eviction try make dem find ways make dem stop am by dem set up campaigns, buh na dem for lef as dem buy 94% of land wey de oda 6% dem buy as dem start £9 billion regeneration project.

Na der be sam issues plus de original venues no be challenging enough anaa ebe financially unviable. Na dem initially consider both de Olympic road races den de mountain bike event say e be too easy, so dem eventually schedule dem for fresh locations top. De Olympic marathon course, wich na dem set am make e fini insyd de Olympic stadium, na dem move am go The Mall, since na dem deem if dem close Tower Bridge go cause traffic problems insyd central London. Na dem scrap North Greenwich Arena 2 insyd cost-cutting exercise, na dem use Wembley Arena for badminton den rhythmic gymnastics events instead.

Na dem hold test events thru out 2011 den 2012, either thru existing championship such as 2012 Wimbledon Championships anaa as specially created event dem hold under de banner of London Prepares. Na Team GB House be de British Olympic Association ein operational HQ up to den during de 2012 Olympic den Paralympic Games. Architects Gebler Tooth design for de top floor of sam office building insyd Westfield Stratford City, e combine de team HQ, athletes dema "Friends and Family" lounge, Press Centre, den VIP lounge.

Public transport

De Olympic Javelin high-speed service run between St Pancras den Ebbsfleet, via Stratford.

IOC's ein initial evaluation feel say, if na dem deliver transport improvements in time give de Games, London go cope. Transport for London (TfL) carry out chaw improvements for preparation give 2012, wey dey include de expansion of de London Overground ein East London Line, dey upgrade to de Docklands Light Railway den de North London Line, den de introduction of fresh "Javelin" high-speed rail service. According to Network Rail, additional 4,000 train services operate during de Games, wey train operators run longer trains during de day. During de Games, na any international services no serve Stratford International station (just as e no be before de Games), westbound trains no stop for Hackney Wick railway station, den Pudding Mill Lane DLR station close entirely during de Games.

De Emirates Air Line dey cross de River Thames between Greenwich Peninsula den de Royal Docks.

TfL sanso build £25 million cable car across de River Thames, dem bell de Emirates Air Line, make e link 2012 Olympics venues. Na dem inaugurate am insyd June 2012 wey e dey cross de Thames between Greenwich Peninsula den de Royal Docks, wey dey carry up to 2,500 passengers an hour, wey dey cut journey times between The O2 den de ExCeL exhibition centre den dey provide crossing every 30 seconds.

Na de plan be make dem get 80% of athletes travel less dan 20 minutes go dema event den 93% of dem within 30 minutes of dema event. De Olympic Park go be served by ten separate railway lines plus combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour. For addition, LOCOG plan give 90% of de venues make e be serve by three anaa more types of public transport. Na two park-and-ride sites off de M25 plus combined capacity of 12,000 cars be 25 minutes away from de Olympic Park. Na dem plan anoda park-and-ride site insyd Ebbsfleet plus capacity give 9,000 cars wer spectators fi board 10-minute shuttle train service. Make dem get spectators to Eton Dorney, na dem set up four park-and-ride schemes. Na First Games Transport dey operate dese Park den Ride services.

TfL define network of roads wey dey lead between venues as de Olympic Route Network; roads wey dey connect all of de Olympic venues locate within London. Chaw of dese roads sanso contain special "Olympic lanes" dem mark plus de Olympic rings-dem reserve give de use of Olympic athletes, officials, den oda VIPs during de Games. Members of de public wey dey drive insyd Olympic lane be subject to fine of £130. Additionally, na London buses no fi include roads plus Olympic lanes for dema routes top. Na dem express concerns for de logistics of spectators wey dey travel go de events outsyd London. For particular, na de sailing events for Portland get no direct motorway connections, wey local roads be heavily congested by tourist traffic insyd de summer. However, na dem build £77 million relief road wey dey connect Weymouth to Dorchester wey dem gbele am insyd 2011. Na dem put aside sam £16 million give de rest of de improvements.

TfL create promotional campaign den website, Get Ahead of the Games, make e help provide information wey relate to transport during de Olympics den Paralympics. Thru de campaign, TfL sanso encourage de use of cycling as mode of transport. Na dem create temporary terminal for Heathrow Airport make dem use am by 10,100 athletes wey dey depart after de Games. Na dem dey expect up to 35% more bags dan normal for 13 August, wich na dem predict make e be de busiest day insyd de airport ein history, according to Nick Cole, head of Olympic den Paralympic planning for Heathrow.

Cost den financing

Study wey komot Oxford University find say de sports-related costs of London 2012 amount to US$15 billion, compare plus $4.6 billion give Rio 2016, $40–44 billion give Beijing 2008, den $51 billion give Sochi 2014 (de most expensive Olympics insyd history). London 2012 go over budget by 76% for real terms, dem measure from bid go completion. Na de cost per athlete be $1.4 million. Dis no dey include wider costs give urban den transport infrastructure, wich often equal anaa exceed de sports-related costs.

Na de costs of staging de Games be separate from those give building de venues den infrastructure den redeveloping de land give de Olympic Park. While na dem privately fund de Games, na dem largely finance de venues den infrastructure dem use public money.

According to The Wall Street Journal, na de original budget give de Games dem increase to about £9.3 billion (US$15.28 billion) insyd 2007. Na dem announce de revised figures to de House of Commons for 15 March 2007 by Tessa Jowell. Along plus East End regeneration costs, na de breakdown be:

• Dey build de venues den infrastructure – £5.3 billion
• Elite sport den Paralympic funding – £400 million
• Security den policing – £600 million
• Regeneration of de Lower Lea Valley – £1.7 billion
• Contingency fund – £2.7 billion

Volunteers

Unpaid volunteers dem know as Games Makers perform variety of tasks before den during de Games. Na dem set up target of 70,000 volunteers as early as 2004. Wen recruitment take place insyd 2010, na dem receive more dan 240,000 applications. Sebastian Coe say insyd February 2012, "Our Games Makers will contribute a total of around eight million volunteer hours during the Games and the Games simply wouldn't happen without them". De volunteers wear clothing wey include purple den red polo shirts den jackets, beige trousers, grey socks den grey-and-white trainers, wich dem collect from de Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre. Volunteers sanso wear photo accreditation badges wey na officials, athletes, family members den media sanso wear dem, wich gain dem access to specific venues den buildings around de site.

Ticketing

Organisers estimate sam 8 million tickets go be available give de Olympic Games, den 1.5 million tickets give de Paralympic Games. LOCOG aim make dem raise £375–£400 million for ticket sales insyd. Na der sanso be free events such as marathon, triathlon den road cycling, although, for de first time insyd Olympic history, dem ticket de sailing events. Eventually, dem sell more dan 7,000,000 tickets. Dey follow IOC rules, people apply for tickets from de NOC of dema country of residence. Na European Union residents be able make dem apply for tickets insyd any EU country.

Insyd Great Britain, ticket prices range from £20 for chaw events to £2,012 for de most expensive seats for de opening ceremony. Na dem give sam free tickets to military personnel as part of de Tickets For Troops scheme, as well as to survivors den families of those wey die during de 7 July 2005 London bombings. Initially, na people be able make dem apply for tickets via website from 15 March til 26 April 2011. Na der be huge demand for tickets, plus demand of more dan three times de number of tickets available. For 11 May 2012 round of nearly one million "second chance" tickets go on sale over 10-day period between 23 June den 3 July 2011. Na about 1.7 million tickets be available for football den 600,000 give oda sports, wey dey include archery, field hockey, football, judo, boxing den volleyball. Na ten sports sell out by 8 am of de first day.

Countdown

De Countdown Clock insyd Trafalgar Square

During de closing ceremony of the 2008 Olympics, na dem formally hand over de Olympic Flag from de Mayor of Beijing to de Mayor of London. Na dis be follow by section dem dey highlight London. One month later, na dem raise de Olympic den Paralympic flags outsyd de London City Hall.

Na dem unveil countdown clock insyd Trafalgar Square, 500 days before de Games. Na ebe two-sided clock plus de Paralympic countdown for de oda syd. De countdown to de start of de Olympics begin plus ceremony for de lighting of de Olympic flame insyd Olympia, Greece.

Security

De police lead de security operation (dem name am Operation Olympics by de Ministry of Defence), plus 10,000 officers available, support by 13,500 members of de British Armed Forces. Na dem deploy naval den air assets as part of de security operation, wey dey include ships situate insyd de Thames, Typhoon fighter jets den surface-to-air missiles; na ebe de biggest security operation Britain face insyd decades. De cost of security increased from £282 million to £553 million, wey na de figure of 13,500 armed forces personnel be greater dan de number dem deploy for de time insyd Afghanistan. De Metropolitan Police den de Royal Marines carry out security exercises for preparation give de Olympics for 19 January 2012, plus 50 marine police officers for rigid inflatables insyd den fast response boats, join by up to 100 military personnel den Royal Navy Lynx helicopter.

De Ministry of Defence distribute leaflets to residents of de Lexington building insyd Bow, dey announce say na dem station missile system for de top of de water tower. Dis cause concern to sam residents. De Ministry say e go probably use Starstreak missiles wey na site evaluations take place, buh dat no final decision take place.

Medals

Front of de Silver Medal win by de USA.

Approximately de Royal Mint produce 4,700 Olympic den Paralympic medals for Llantrisant. David Watkins (Olympics) den Lin Cheung (Paralympics) design dem. Na Rio Tinto wey komot sam mine insyd Salt Lake County, Utah insyd de U. S. donate 99% of de gold, silver den copper. De 1% wey remain cam from Mongolian mine. Each medal dey weigh 375-400 g (13.2-14.1 oz), wey e get diameter of 85 mm (3.3 in) wey e be 7 mm (0.28 in) thick, wey dem engrave de sport den discipline for de rim top. De obverse, as be traditional, dey feature Nike, de Greek goddess of victory, wey dey step from de Panathinaiko Stadium wey host de first modern Olympic Games insyd 1896, plus Parthenon insyd de background; de reverse dey feature de Games logo, de River Thames den series of lines wey dey represent "the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together". Na dem tranfer de medals to de Tower of London vaults for 2 July 2012 for storage.

Each gold medal be 92.5 percent silver den 1.34 percent gold, plus de remainder copper. De silver medal be 92.5 percent silver, plus de remainder copper. De bronze medal be made up of 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc, den 0.5 per cent tin. Na de value of de materials insyd de gold medal be about £410 (US$644), de silver about £210 (US$330), den se bronze about £3 (US$4.71) as of 30 July 2012.

Torch relay

De Olympics torch relay run from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before de Games. Na dem develop plans give se relay insyd 2010–11, plus de torch-bearer selection process dem announce for 18 May 2011. Edward Barber den Jay Osgerby design de torch.

For 18 May 2012 de Olympic flame arrive for RNAS Culdrose insyd Cornwall from Greece for flight BA2012, operate by British Airways Airbus A319 dem name am "Firefly". De relay last 70 days, plus 66 evening celebrations den six island visits, wey dem involve sam 8,000 people wey dey carry de torch about 8,000 mi (12,875 km), wey dey start from Land's End insyd Cornwall. De torch get three days outsyd de United Kingdom wen e visit de Isle of Man for 2 June, Dublin insyd Ireland, for 6 June, wey both Guernsey den Jersey for 15 July.

De relay focus for National Heritage Sites, locations plus sporting significance, key sporting events, schools dem register plus de Get Set School Network, green spaces den biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations plus large screens), den festivals den oda events. Na Dumfries den Galloway be de Region per insyd de whole of de United Kingdom wey get make de Olympic Torch pass thru am twice. Group of young athletes, dem nominate by retired Olympic athletes, run de torch around de stadium. Na dese torchbearers be Callum Airlie, Jordan Duckitt, Desiree Henry, Katie Kirk, Cameron MacRitchie, Aidan Reynolds, den Adelle Tracey. Togeda de torchbearers each light petal wey spread de fire to de 204 petals of de cauldron, wey dey represent de countries wey dem participate insyd de Games. Na Thomas Heatherwick design de cauldron

Environmental policy

Na dem plan de Olympic Park make e incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, plus total of 525 bird boxes den 150 bat boxes. Na dem enhance local waterways den riverbanks as part of de process. Renewable energy sanso feature for de Olympics. Na dem originally plan make dem provide 20% of de energy give de Olympic Park den Village from renewable technologies; however, na dem achieve 9% per of am. Proposals make dem meet de original target include large-scale on-site wind turbines den hydroelectric generators insyd de River Thames, buh na dem scrap dese plans for safety reasons. De focus subsequently move to make dem dey install solar panels for sam buildings top, den dey provide de opportunity make dem recover energy from waste. Wer na dem no fi reuse am anaa recycle am, food packaging for use for de Olympics— wey dey include fast-food wrappers, sandwich boxes den drink cartons—na de make am from compostable materials like starch den cellulose-based bioplastics. After use, na chaw of dese materials be suitable give anaerobic digestion (AD), wey dey allow dem make dem make dem into renewable energy.

Post-Games, na dem relocate buildings like de Water Polo Arena elsewhere. Na dem recycle building parts like roofing covers den membranes of different temporary venues via VinyLoop. Dis allow organisers make dem meet de standards of de Olympic Delivery Authority wey dey concern environmental protection.

London 2012 inaugurate Olympic Games guidelines wey include de recycling of PVC, wich na dem use dem for temporary buildings such as de Basketball Arena den for de temporary parts of permanent venues such as de Olympic Stadium. Insyd de Water Polo Arena, na dem make PVC roofing from recycled cushions make e provide insulation. Thru dis recycling process, na dem fulfil de Olympic Games PVC Policy; de policy dey state:

Dem no assure wer London 2012 dey procure PVC for temporary usage anaa wer permanent usage, dem require make London 2012 ensure say der be take-back scheme wey dey offer closed-loop reuse system anaa mechanical recycling system for post-consumer waste.

According to Kirsten Henson, Materials Manager for de London 2012 Olympic Park: "The majority of temporary facilities created for the Olympic Games including the Aquatic centre temporary stands, basketball arena, Water Polo Arena, and the shooting facilities at the Royal Artillery Barracks, are essentially big tents. Basically, PVC stretched over lightweight steel frame. This design solution makes them efficient to install, reduces the need for any significant foundations and are, of course, reusable. We were challenged by the public around the use of PVC; but we considered it to be the right material for certain functions. We therefore challenged the PVC supply chain to have certain environmental performance criteria in place, including a take back and recycle scheme."

Cultural Olympiad

Na dem illuminate Tower Bridge plus de Olympic Rings insyd de week wey dey lead up to de opening ceremony.

De Olympic Charter, de set of rules den guidelines give de organization of de Olympic Games den for make dem dey govern de Olympic Movement, dey state say

LOCOG shall organise a programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the Olympic Village is open.

De Cultural Olympiad comprise chaw programmes, plus more dan 500 events spread over four years across de whole of de United Kingdom, den dey culminate insyd de London 2012 Festival.

Opening ceremony

Fireworks for de opening ceremony

Dem title "The Isles of Wonder", de opening ceremony begin for 21:00 British Summer Time (UTC+1) for 27 July insyd de Olympic Stadium. Na Oscar-winning director Danny Boyle be artistic director wey Rick Smith of Underworld be musical director. Na dem immediately see de opening ceremony as tremendous success, dem widely praise am as "masterpiece" den "a love letter to Britain". De principal sections of de artistic display represent Britain ein Industrial Revolution, National Health Service, literary heritage, popular music den culture, wey dem note dem for dema vibrant storytelling den use of music.

Na Queen Elizabeth II, accompany by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh officially gbele de Games. Na dis be de second Olympic Games de Queen personally gbele, de first be insyd 1976 insyd Montreal, Canada. De ceremony feature short comic film wey dey star Daniel Craig as secret agent James Bond den de Queen as einself. Na der sanso be musical comedy item wey dey star Rowan Atkinson as Mr. Bean wey dey play along plus de London Symphony Orchestra. Na dem widely ascribe dese to Britain ein sense of humour.

Live musical performers include Frank Turner, Dame Evelyn Glennie, Mike Oldfield, Dizzee Rascal, Arctic Monkeys, den Sir Paul McCartney wey perform "Hey Jude" as de closing act. Broadcast live for BBC One top, de ceremony attract peak viewing audience of over 27 million insyd de UK.

Closing ceremony

Na dem hold de closing ceremony for 12 August. E feature flashback fiesta to British music plus The Who wey close de performance. De ceremony sanso include handover of de Olympic flag by Boris Johnson, Mayor of London, to Eduardo Paes, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, de host city of de 2016 Summer Olympics. Insyd ein closing address, Jacques Rogge describe de Games as "happy and glorious".

De Games

National Olympic Committees wey dey participate

Number of athletes wey dey participate by country

300+

100–299

30–99

10–29

4–9

1–3

Countries wey dey participate:
Green = Na dem previously participate; Grey = Dey participate for first time; Yellow circle be host city (London)

Around 10,500 athletes wey komot 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) take part, (85 countries acquire for least one medal: gold, silver anaa bronze) dey surpass de 1948 Summer Olympics insyd London den de 2002 Commonwealth Games insyd Manchester as de largest multi-sport event ever make dem hold insyd de United Kingdom.

Three athletes wey komot de Netherlands Antilles, wich wey na dem dissolve de territory insyd 2010 wey e lost ein recognition during 123rd IOC session dem hold during July 2011, den one athlete wey komot South Sudan, wich na dem recognize dema NOC isydn 2015, dem participate as two independent athletes teams under de Olympic flag.

National Olympic Committees wey dey participate

Afghanistan (6) Albania (9) Algeria (38) American Samoa (4) Andorra (6) Angola (33) Antigua and Barbuda (4) Argentina (137) Armenia (24) Aruba (4) Australia (405) Austria (70) Azerbaijan (52) Bahamas (21) Bahrain (12) Bangladesh (5) Barbados (6) Belarus (160) Belgium (111) Belize (3) Benin (5) Bermuda (8) Bhutan (2) Bolivia (5) Bosnia and Herzegovina (6) Botswana (4) Brazil (248) British Virgin Islands (2) Brunei (3) Bulgaria (63) Burkina Faso (5) Burundi (6) Cambodia (6) Cameroon (32) Canada (273) Cape Verde (3) Cayman Islands (4) Central African Republic (6) Chad (2) Chile (35) China (376) Colombia (101) Comoros (3) Republic of the Congo (7) Democratic Republic of the Congo (4) Cook Islands (8) Costa Rica (11) Croatia (107) Cuba (109) Cyprus (13) Czech Republic (133) Denmark (114) Djibouti (4) Dominica (2) Dominican Republic (33) Ecuador (36) Egypt (109) El Salvador (10) Equatorial Guinea (2) Eritrea (12) Estonia (32) Ethiopia (33) Fiji (9) Finland (56) France (324) Gabon (21) The Gambia (2) Georgia (34) Germany (383) Ghana (7) Great Britain (530) (host) Greece (102) Grenada (8) Guam (8) Guatemala (19) Guinea (4) Guinea-Bissau (4) Guyana (6) Haiti (5) Honduras (25) Hong Kong (41) Hungary (152) Iceland (27) Independent Olympic Athletes (4) India (81) Indonesia (22) Iran (52) Iraq (8) Ireland (64) Israel (37) Italy (281) Ivory Coast (9) Jamaica (45) Japan (291) Jordan (9) Kazakhstan (113) Kenya (47) Kiribati (3) North Korea (52) South Korea (250) Kuwait (10) Kyrgyzstan (14) Laos (3) Latvia (45) Lebanon (10) Lesotho (4) Liberia (3) Libya (4) Liechtenstein (3) Lithuania (62) Luxembourg (9) Macedonia (4) Madagascar (7) Malawi (3) Malaysia (29) Maldives (5) Mali (6) Malta (5) Marshall Islands (4) Mauritania (2) Mauritius (11) Mexico (99) Federated States of Micronesia (6) Moldova (20) Monaco (6) Mongolia (29) Montenegro (33) Morocco (63) Mozambique (6) Myanmar (6) Namibia (9) Nauru (2) Nepal (5) Netherlands (173) New Zealand (178) Nicaragua (6) Niger (6) Nigeria (49) Norway (61) Oman (3) Pakistan (21) Palau (5) Palestine (5) Panama (8) Papua New Guinea (8) Paraguay (8) Peru (16) Philippines (11) Poland (210) Portugal (76) Puerto Rico (25) Qatar (12) Romania (105) Russia (429) Rwanda (7) Saint Kitts and Nevis (4) Saint Lucia (4) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (3) Samoa (8) San Marino (4) São Tomé and Príncipe (2) Saudi Arabia (19) Senegal (31) Serbia (116) Seychelles (6) Sierra Leone (2) Singapore (23) Slovakia (47) Slovenia (65) Solomon Islands (4) Somalia (2) South Africa (124) Spain (278) Sri Lanka (7) Sudan (6) Suriname (5) Swaziland (3) Sweden (133) Switzerland (98) Syria (10) Chinese Taipei (44) Tajikistan (16) Tanzania (6) Thailand (37) East Timor (2) Togo (6) Tonga (3) Trinidad and Tobago (25) Tunisia (83) Turkey (112) Turkmenistan (10) Tuvalu (3) Uganda (15) Ukraine (230) United Arab Emirates (26) United States (530) Uruguay (27) Uzbekistan (53) Vanuatu (5) Venezuela (68) Vietnam (18) Virgin Islands (7) Yemen (4) Zambia (7) Zimbabwe (7)

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee

10,768 athletes wey komot 204 NOCs

IOC Letter Code	Country	Athletes
GBR	Great Britain	541
USA	United States	530
RUS	Russia	436
AUS	Australia	410
GER	Germany	392
CHN	China	390
FRA	France	330
JPN	Japan	293
ITA	Italy	284
ESP	Spain	278
CAN	Canada	277
BRA	Brazil	258
KOR	South Korea	245
UKR	Ukraine	237
POL	Poland	218
NZL	New Zealand	184
NED	Netherlands	175
BLR	Belarus	165
HUN	Hungary	157
ARG	Argentina	137
SWE	Sweden	134
CZE	Czech Republic	133
RSA	South Africa	125
BEL	Belgium	115
SRB	Serbia	115
KAZ	Kazakhstan	114
TUR	Turkey	114
DEN	Denmark	113
EGY	Egypt	113
CUB	Cuba	110
CRO	Croatia	108
COL	Colombia	104
GRE	Greece	103
ROU	Romania	103
MEX	Mexico	102
SUI	Switzerland	102
IND	India	83
TUN	Tunisia	83
POR	Portugal	77
AUT	Austria	70
VEN	Venezuela	70
MAR	Morocco	67
IRL	Ireland	66
SLO	Slovenia	65
NOR	Norway	64
BUL	Bulgaria	63
LTU	Lithuania	62
FIN	Finland	55
NGR	Nigeria	55
UZB	Uzbekistan	54
AZE	Azerbaijan	53
IRI	Iran	53
PRK	North Korea	51
JAM	Jamaica	50
KEN	Kenya	47
SVK	Slovakia	47
LAT	Latvia	46
TPE	Chinese Taipei	44
ALG	Algeria	42
HKG	Hong Kong	42
ISR	Israel	37
THA	Thailand	37
ECU	Ecuador	36
CHI	Chile	35
DOM	Dominican Republic	35
ETH	Ethiopia	35
GEO	Georgia	35
ANG	Angola	34
CMR	Cameroon	33
EST	Estonia	33
MNE	Montenegro	33
SEN	Senegal	31
MAS	Malaysia	30
TRI	Trinidad and Tobago	30
MGL	Mongolia	29
URU	Uruguay	29
HON	Honduras	27
ISL	Iceland	27
UAE	United Arab Emirates	26
ARM	Armenia	25
PUR	Puerto Rico	25
BAH	Bahamas	24
GAB	Gabon	24
SIN	Singapore	23
INA	Indonesia	22
MDA	Moldova	22
PAK	Pakistan	21
GUA	Guatemala	19
KSA	Saudi Arabia	19
VIE	Vietnam	18
PER	Peru	16
TJK	Tajikistan	16
UGA	Uganda	16
KGZ	Kyrgyzstan	14
CYP	Cyprus	13
ALB	Albania	12
BRN	Bahrain	12
ERI	Eritrea	12
QAT	Qatar	12
CRC	Costa Rica	11
KUW	Kuwait	11
MRI	Mauritius	11
PHI	Philippines	11
CIV	Ivory Coast	10
ESA	El Salvador	10
GRN	Grenada	10
LIB	Lebanon	10
SYR	Syria	10
TKM	Turkmenistan	10
FIJ	Fiji	9
GHA	Ghana	9
JOR	Jordan	9
LUX	Luxembourg	9
NAM	Namibia	9
BER	Bermuda	8
COK	Cook Islands	8
GUM	Guam	8
IRQ	Iraq	8
PAR	Paraguay	8
PNG	Papua New Guinea	8
SAM	Samoa	8
CGO	Republic of the Congo	7
ISV	Virgin Islands	7
MAD	Madagascar	7
PAN	Panama	7
RWA	Rwanda	7
SKN	Saint Kitts and Nevis	7
SRI	Sri Lanka	7
TAN	Tanzania	7
ZAM	Zambia	7
ZIM	Zimbabwe	7
AFG	Afghanistan	6
AND	Andorra	6
BAR	Barbados	6
BDI	Burundi	6
BIH	Bosnia and Herzegovina	6
BOL	Bolivia	6
CAF	Central African Republic	6
CAM	Cambodia	6
DJI	Djibouti	6
FSM	Federated States of Micronesia	6
GUY	Guyana	6
MLI	Mali	6
MON	Monaco	6
MOZ	Mozambique	6
MYA	Myanmar	6
NCA	Nicaragua	6
NIG	Niger	6
SEY	Seychelles	6
SUD	Sudan	6
TOG	Togo	6
ANT	Antigua and Barbuda	5
ASA	American Samoa	5
BAN	Bangladesh	5
BEN	Benin	5
BUR	Burkina Faso	5
CAY	Cayman Islands	5
HAI	Haiti	5
LBA	Libya	5
MDV	Maldives	5
MLT	Malta	5
NEP	Nepal	5
PLE	Palestine	5
PLW	Palau	5
SUR	Suriname	5
VAN	Vanuatu	5
ARU	Aruba	4
BOT	Botswana	4
COD	Democratic Republic of the Congo	4
GBS	Guinea-Bissau	4
GUI	Guinea	4
IOA	Independent Olympic Athletes	4
LBR	Liberia	4
LCA	Saint Lucia	4
LES	Lesotho	4
MHL	Marshall Islands	4
MKD	Macedonia	4
OMA	Oman	4
SMR	San Marino	4
SOL	Solomon Islands	4
YEM	Yemen	4
BIZ	Belize	3
BRU	Brunei	3
CHA	Chad	3
COM	Comoros	3
CPV	Cape Verde	3
KIR	Kiribati	3
LAO	Laos	3
LIE	Liechtenstein	3
MAW	Malawi	3
SWZ	Swaziland	3
TGA	Tonga	3
TUV	Tuvalu	3
VIN	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	3
BHU	Bhutan	2
DMA	Dominica	2
GAM	The Gambia	2
GEQ	Equatorial Guinea	2
IVB	British Virgin Islands	2
MTN	Mauritania	2
NRU	Nauru	2
SLE	Sierra Leone	2
SOM	Somalia	2
STP	São Tomé and Príncipe	2
TLS	East Timor	2

National houses

During de Games, sam countries den continents get "national house". Na dese temporary meeting places give supporters, athletes den oda followers locate thru out London.

Nation	Location	Name
African nations	Kensington Gardens
Austria	Trinity House
Belgium	Inner Temple
Brazil	Somerset House	Casa Brasil
Canada	Canada House
China	The Waldorf Hilton
Croatia	Pelham Hotel, South Kensington
Czech Republic	Business Design Centre, Islington
Denmark	St Katherine Docks
France	Old Billingsgate	Club France
Georgia	Chelsea College of Art and Design (45 Millbank)
Germany	Museum of London Docklands	Deutsches Haus
Great Britain	Westfield Stratford City
Ireland	The Big Chill House, Kings Cross
Italy	Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre	Casa Italia
Japan	Royal Aeronautical Society
Jamaica	The O2
Kenya	East Thames Community Centre, Stratford
Korea	Royal Thames Yacht Club
Monaco	Haymarket
Netherlands	Alexandra Palace	Holland Heineken House
New Zealand	Granary Square, Kings Cross	Kiwi House
Nigeria	Theatre Royal Stratford East
Poland	Polish Social and Cultural Centre
Qatar	Institution of Engineering and Technology, Savoy Place
Romania	30 Pavilion Road, Knightsbridge
Russia	Perks Field, Kensington Palace
Slovakia	Institute of Directors
South Africa	Queen Elizabeth Hall
South Pacific	St Katharine Docks
Switzerland	Glazier's Hall
Trinidad & Tobago	Tricycle Theatre
United States	Royal College of Art

Sports

De 2012 Summer Olympics feature 26 different sports wey dey encompass 39 disciplines den 302 events. Insyd de list below, dem note de number of events insyd each discipline insyd parentheses.

2012 Summer Olympics Sports Programme

Aquatics Diving (8) Swimming (34) Synchronized swimming (2) Water polo (2) Archery (4) Athletics (47) Badminton (5) Basketball (2) Boxing (13) Canoeing Sprint (12) Slalom (4) Cycling (competitors) BMX (2) Mountain biking (2) Road (4) Track (10) Equestrian Dressage (2) Eventing (2) Jumping (2) Fencing (10) Field hockey (2) Football (2) Gymnastics Artistic (14) Rhythmic (2) Trampoline (2) Handball (2) Judo (14) Modern pentathlon (2) Rowing (14) Sailing (10) Shooting (15) Table tennis (4) Taekwondo (8) Tennis (5) Triathlon (2) Volleyball Volleyball (2) Beach volleyball (2) Weightlifting (15) Wrestling Freestyle (11) Greco-Roman (7)

Na dem include women's boxing insyd de programme for de first time, wey 36 women compete insyd three weight classes. Na der be special dispensation for de shooting events, wich na go otherwise be illegal under UK gun law. Insyd tennis, mixed doubles return to de Olympic programme for de first time since 1924.

London ein bid feature de same 28 sports wey na dem include insyd oda recent Summer Olympics, buh de IOC vote make dem drop baseball den softball from de 2012 Games just two days after na dem select London as de host city. Na der be appeal, buh de IOC vote make dem uphold de decision, wey na dem schedule de two sports make dem discontinue dem after dema last appearance for de 2008 Olympics. De IOC then vote for whether anaa make dem no replace dem; na dem consider karate, squash, golf, roller sports den rugby sevens. Na karate den squash be de two final nominees, buh neither receive enough votes make dem reach de required two-thirds majority.

Although na dem eliminate formal demonstration sports after de 1992 Summer Olympics, dem fi run special tournaments for non-Olympic sports during de Games, such as de Wushu tournament for de 2008 Summer Olympics. Na attempts dey make dem run Twenty20 cricket den netball tournaments alongsyd de 2012 Games, buh na neither campaign be successful.

Calendar

Na dem release de final official schedule for 15 February 2011.

All times den dates dey use British Summer Time (UTC+1)

OC

Opening ceremony

●

Event competitions

1

Gold medal events

CC

Closing ceremony

July/August 2012		July								August											Events
		25th Wed	26th Thu	27th Fri	28th Sat	29th Sun	30th Mon	31st Tue	1st Wed	2nd Thu	3rd Fri	4th Sat	5th Sun	6th Mon	7th Tue	8th Wed	9th Thu	10th Fri	11th Sat	12th Sun
Ceremonies				OC																CC	—
Aquatics	Diving				1		1		1		1			●	1	●	1	1	1
	Marathon swimming																1	1			46
	Swimming				4	3	5	3	5	4	3	4	4
	Synchronized swimming
	Water polo				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1
Archery			●			1	1	●	●	●	1	1	1								4
Athletics										2	1	5	3	4	5	5	5	8	9	1	47
Badminton					●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1	1	2							5
Basketball	Basketball				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	●	●	1	1	2
Boxing					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		1	2	2	4	4		13
Canoeing	Slalom				●	1	1	●	1	1	●	●	●	2
	Sprint														●	●	3	4	3		16
Cycling	Road cycling				2							1	1
	Track cycling													1	1	2	2	2	1	3	18
	BMX							●	2	●	2
	Mountain biking					1	1
Equestrian
Fencing					2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1								12
Field hockey					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1			2
Football		●	●		●	●		●	●		●	●		●	●		●	1	1		2
Golf										●	●	●	1			●	●	●	1		2
Gymnastics	Artistic				●	●	1	1	1	1		3	3	4							14
	Rhythmic																●	1	1		2
	Trampoline										2										2
Handball			●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	●	●	1	1	2
Judo					2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1									15
Modern pentathlon																	●	●	1	1	2
Rowing					●	●	●	●	2	4	4	4									14
Sailing						●	●	●	●	●	2	2	●	●	●	2	3	1			10
Shooting					1	2	2	2	1	1	1	2	1	2							15
Skateboarding						1	1								1	1					4
Sport climbing														●	●	1	1	1	1		4
Surfing					●	●	●			●				2							2
Table tennis					●	●	●	1	●	●	●	1	1	●	●	●	●	1	1		5
Taekwondo																2	2	2	2		8
Tennis					●	●	●	●	●	●	1	2	2								5
Triathlon									2					1							3
Volleyball	Beach volleyball				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1		2
	Indoor Volleyball				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1	2
Weightlifting																2	2	2	3	1	10
Wrestling														●	3	3	3	3	3	3	18
Daily medal events		0			12	14	15	20	18	22	25	23	18	21	16	22	17	32	15	13	302
Cumulative total		0			12	26	53	73	91	113	138	161	179	200	216	238	216	277	287	302
July/August 2012
		25th Wed	26th Thu	27th Fri	28th Sat	29th Sun	30th Mon	31st Tue	1st Wed	2nd Thu	3rd Fri	4th Sat	5th Sun	6th Mon	7th Tue	8th Wed	9th Thu	10th Fri	11th Sat	12th Sun	Total events
		July								August

Records

Mo Farah (left) plus Usain Bolt (right), wey dey demonstrate one anoda ein famous gestures (de "Lightning Bolt" den "Mobot")

Dese Olympic Games result insyd 32 world records insyd eight sports. Na dem set de largest number of records insyd swimming, for eight. China, Great Britain den de United States set de most records, plus five each.

Medal table

Total of 85 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) win medals, 54 of those countries win at least one gold medal. Seven NOCs win dema first ever Olympic medal: Bahrain (gold), Botswana (silver), Cyprus (silver), Gabon (silver), Grenada (gold), Guatemala (silver), den Montenegro (silver). De United States fini for de top of de table, dem win 48 gold medals den total of 104 medals. China fini second plus 38 gold medals den 91 medals overall, wey hosts Great Britain cam insyd third place, dem win 29 gold medals den 65 medals overall insyd dema best performance since London host ein first Summer Olympics insyd 1908, dey push Russia—wey win 18 gold medals den 65 medals for total, after doping redistributions (initially 24 gold den 82 total)—into fourth place.

Key

 ‡   Changes in medal standings (see subpage)

 *   Host nation (Great Britain)

2012 Summer Olympics medal table

Rank	NOC	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States‡	48	26	30	104
2	China‡	39	31	22	92
3	Great Britain*‡	29	18	18	65
4	Russia‡	18	21	26	65
5	South Korea‡	13	9	9	31
6	Germany‡	11	20	13	44
7	France‡	11	11	13	35
8	Australia‡	8	15	12	35
9	Italy	8	9	11	28
10	Hungary‡	8	4	6	18
11–86	Remaining NOCs	110	141	192	443
Totals (86 entries)		303	305	352	960

Podium sweeps

Date	Sport	Event	NOC	Gold	Silver	Bronze
28 July	Fencing	Women's foil	Italy	Elisa Di Francisca	Arianna Errigo	Valentina Vezzali
9 August	Athletics	Men's 200 metres	Jamaica	Usain Bolt	Yohan Blake	Warren Weir
11 August	Athletics	Women's 20 kilometres walk	China	Qieyang Shenjie	Liu Hong	Lü Xiuzhi

Read further

• Jaworska, Sylvia; Hunt, Sally (2017). "Intersections and differentiations: a corpus-assisted discourse study of gender representations in the British press before, during and after the London Olympics 2012" (PDF). Gender and Language. 11 (3): 336–364. doi:10.1558/genl.28858. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 April 2019.
• Mallon, Bill (18 January 2019). "An Update On London 2012 Doping Positives". OlympStats.
• Mallon, Bill (18 January 2019). "All Olympic Doping Positives – The Count By Games". OlympStats.
• Pamment, James. "'Putting the GREAT Back into Britain': National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign," British Journal of Politics & International Relations (2015) 17#2 pp 260–283.
• Surowiec, Pawel. and Philip Long. "Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The 'GREAT' Campaign." Diplomacy & Statecraft 31:1 (2020): 1–28. online review https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721092

Official reports

• LOCOG, ed. (2013). Volume 1: Summary of the bid preparation. London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report. London: LOCOG.
• Knight, Tom; Ruscoe, Sybil (2012). Volume 2: London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: the Official Commemorative Book. London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-97314-0. OL 24283202W.
• LOCOG, ed. (2013). Volume 3: Summary of Olympic Games preparations. London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report. London: LOCOG.

External links

2012 Summer Olympics at Wikipedia ein sisto projects

• Media from Commons
• News from Wikinews
• Travel information from Wikivoyage
• Data from Wikidata

Official

• "London 2012". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.
• 2012 Summer Olympics collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• 2012 London Olympics at NBC at de Wayback Machine (archived 3 July 2013)
• London Olympics Business at The Telegraph at de Wayback Machine (archived 14 September 2010)

Summer Olympics
Precede by Beijing	XXX Olympiad London 2012	Succeed by Rio de Janeiro